My experience with my little boy does not indicate that things are quite as cut-and-dried as āletās start right now with this here newborn!ā Maybe youāre all correct; I personally am just not yet convinced.
I started teaching my boy to read around age 22 months. Before that, however, we had a huge amount of directly relevant language experience. We read zillions of books, we looked at lots of ABC books, flashcards, and videos, and played with a few alphabet toys as well (including his favorite, the LeapFrog Alphabet Bus). By the end of his second year, he was totally swimming in language and letters and basic vocabulary. I am sure that that foundation, along with huge amounts of ongoing reading and (soon after) Doman-style presentations and other vocabulary/literacy activities, made it possible for him not just to learn to decode written language but to understand it fairly well too. Considering that he is now capable of decoding at the 5th or 6th grade level (as far as I can tell, from online tests Iāve foundāIām having trouble locating a professional to test him), and considering that he is now finally sitting down for long periods of time and reading Magic Tree House (third grade level) books on his own, I canāt say that I regret starting him later.
As most of you probably know, I am a big advocate of phonics, and one of the main reasons for our success, as far as Iām concerned, is that I found a way to teach him phonics from a very early age. I donāt mean āexpose him to a little phonics here and a little there,ā or āintroduce a few important rules.ā I mean āsystematically train him in the understanding and use of virtually all the phonics rules.ā
Now, hereās the deal. I know that it is possible to train babies to recognize words, mostly āby shape.ā I believe (on the basis of many examples) that this has great long-term effects. But Iāve seen a fair number of parents writing in to complain that their little ones are limited to the words they have been shown on flashcards, and that they forget those words. This indicates to me that those babies have not deciphered the phonetic code. So, generally, what experience do we have of toddlers, who were first taught as babies, being able to decode words phonetically and fluently? More to the point, what experience do we have of the long-term benefit of teaching babies to read before they can be taught systematic phonics, versus starting them a little later with phonics? Or, if we have some experience of trying to teach systematic phonics to babies from the start (e.g., if someone has been using my phonics flash cards for a while now, with her baby), then how has that worked out?
I know that there are many people in the Doman camp who will defend whole word learning for babies, maintaining that this is āright brain learningā which is better than left brain learning, especially for babies. If itās done right, the child will never need to learn phonics. Iāll lay my cards on the table and tell you that I have a hard time believing this. A person, āno matter how small,ā learns to read by deciphering the phonetic code. We have just too much empirical data showing the harms of whole word language training without adequate exposure to phonics. Yes, a child might learn to read many words without phonics, but unless he can ālook intoā the word and see the phonetic subtleties in it, he will be at a huge disadvantage in terms of spelling, pronunciation, and making out new words. Heās also at a much greater risk of appearing to be dyslexic. Iām sure that there are some kids who, for whatever reason (not necessarily intelligence), look at words theyāre learning āin the right wayā and end up absorbing all the relevant phonetic rules. But many, many moreāand I think this is also true of babies and toddlersādo not do this. We put them at a profound disadvantage.
As you can see, I am very nervous about teaching kids to read without teaching them phonics. Given this constraint, I ask myself: do I really want to have my next childās first exposure to reading written language one that involves simply memorizing words? What advantages are potentially lost if the first experience with reading written language does not take the form of decoding words sound-by-sound? To put it negatively, are there disadvantages if, in effect, I spend many months teaching my child simply to memorize words?
The hope, of course, is that after some months of simply memorizing words, the child will (a) have picked up some phonetic rules, and (b) be able to learn phonics systematically after that (and who knows, maybe the child will be able to learn phonics systematically faster and better, having memorized many words). But my fear is that the child will have learned some bad habits, of trying to memorize each new word, instead of analyzing it phonetically and internalizing its structure, so to speak. It is the ability to pick apart words phonetically, in an intuitive, āsecond-natureā way, that makes it possible for my little boy (or any good reader) to read words like āabridgingā or āHrothgarā and barely skip a beat.
For me, there are basically two practical questions here that need to be answered. (1) If a child learns using the Doman method and/or with Titzerās videosāin other words, focusing mainly on whole words, and with no or scant attention to phonicsāthen, after several months or a year, will the child be at any disadvantage when it comes to really mastering the rules of phonics? (2) Suppose that you group words not by subject as Doman suggests, but from the beginning you organize words into phonetic groupings, as I have done with my āFleschcards,ā and you show those words to babies and toddlers. Will those kids, after a year or whatever, have internalized and mastered the rules of phonics? Or would they have just memorized the words?
I never had to answer (2), because I started teaching my boy to read only after he had shown that he knew the alphabet entirely (by about 20 months), and was familiar with the sounds the letters made, and after he was able to speak. I could see that he could read the words, because he read the words out loud to me as I showed the cards. But you donāt have this assurance if you show the cards before a child can speak.
Iām sorry to have to throw a monkey wrench in the gears here, but that in all honesty is where my thinking is at right now. Iāve written a lot because itās something Iāve been thinking a fair bit about lately.